However, it should be noted that the milky sap produced by these plants can cause a skin rash or irritation. Ficus altissima occurs naturally in guangdong, guangxi, hainan, sichuan, yunnan,10194 and is cultivated in fujian84. Ficus is represented by 10 species, of which none is a true native. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Although it is native to subhimalayan tract, beng al, and. We demonstrate that throughout its area of distribution, the genus ficus is generally used as a dietary plant, although use of a individual species seems uncommon. Fourteen of the 32 ficus species recorded were used by the people. Uses of genus ficus moraceae in buganda region, central uganda. This paper describes the botanical features of ficus carica l. Ficus wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Fig seeds that pass through the digestive system of birds are more likely to germinate and sprout earlier. Economic importance ficus altissima is cultivated as an ornamental and as a host for laccifer lacca 10.
Ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs. Terdiri dari sekitar 850 spesies, jenisjenis ficus ini dapat berupa pohon kayu, semak, tumbuhan menjalar dan epifit serta hemiepifit dalam familia moraceae. Ficus, the genus to which fig trees belong, has over species that occur throughout the pantropics. Ficus ficus abutilifolia ficus ficus acamptophylla ficus ficus acanthocarpa ficus ficus acanthophylla ficus ficus acarouaniensis ficus ficus acreana ficus ficus aculeata ficus ficus aculeata var. The species name, microcarpa, refers to the small size of the fruit. Monoecious or functionally dioecious trees, shrubs or root climbers, twiners and hemiepiphytes, often with adventitious roots.
The ficus genus belongs to the family of mulberry plants moraceae and is the most popular indoor tree species for beginners at bonsai. Ficus moraceae comprises one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species of trees, shrubs, hemiepiphytes, climbers, and creepers in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Hemiepiphytic ficus royal botanic garden edinburgh. Its a member of the ficus genus of plants, which also includes rubber trees and fig fruit trees, but when it comes to houseplants, most people refer to a weeping fig ficus benjamina as simply a ficus.
Ficus carica linn is the most popular member of the genus ficus, and it is known by more than 5 names t able 1. Host preference of ficus feeding herbivores 207 table 2. Moraceae, its wide variety of chemical constituents, its use in traditional medicine as remedies for many health problems, and its. Jayeola2 and adeyemi egunyomi2 1department of biological sciences, olabisi onabanjo university, agoiwoye, ogun state, nigeria. Ficus padana in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Host preference of herbivorous arthropods feeding on ficus. A university of hawaii article on ficus benjamina explains that each species of ficus has an associated species of agaonid wasp and pollination can only occur when that specific wasp is present. And this owes both to the botanical as well as to the biological and ecological characteristics of most of its species. On some arthropods associated with ficus species core. Although recent work suggests that subgenus pharmacosycea is polyphyletic, section pharmacosycea appears to be monophyletic and is a sister group to the rest of the genus ficus. Introduction the genus ficus linnaeus moraceae was first published in systema naturae by. Ficus maxima is classified in subgenus pharmacosycea, section pharmacosycea, subsection petenenses.
Pdf traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of. Ficus microcarpa hawaiian ecosystems at risk project hear. The genus ficus is made up of about 1,000 species from pantropical and subtropical origins wagner et al. Ficus is a genus o aboot 850 species o widdy trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes an hemiepiphytes in the faimily moraceae. Plants of the family contain a milky latex and have alternate or opposite leaves and small. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semiwarm temperate zone.
Ficus is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family ficidae, the fig shells this is the type of the family ficidae. This article provides guidelines for the identification and treatment of diseases that may be encountered during the commercial production of ornamental ficus. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Frodin 2004 has ranked this genus as one of the 21 largest genera of seed plants. The malaysian forest is extremely rich in ficus species, with approximately 16. What is commonly referred to as a ficus is technically a weeping fig. Ficus is a genus of about under the family moraceae, containing approximately 750 species of fig trees, 150 shrubs and vines native throughout the.
Collectively kent as feg trees or fegs, thay are native ootthrou the tropics wi a few species extendin intae the semiwairm temperate zone. Ficus, the fig genus, consists of over 800 species and is one of about 40 genera of the mulberryfamily. Ficus septica is pollinated by fig wasps from the genus ceratosolen. Studies on leaf venation in selected taxa of the genus ficus l. Department of agriculture agricultural research service.
The name is very similar in french figue, german feige, italian and portuguese figo. The figs produced by the tree are eaten by birds such as the indian myna. Ficus carica linnaeus is the only economically important. Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and.
The fig species of greatest commercial importance is ficus carica l. The bestknown representatives of the genus ficus are the common cultivated fig, ficus carica, and the rubber plant, f, elastica. The genus ficus constitutes one of the largest genera of medicinal plants. Plants in the genus are all woody, ranging from trees and shrubs to climbers neal 1948. The reproductive systems of species in the genus ficus are unique. Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family moraceae.
Its common name is derived from moreton bay in queensland, australia. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs ficus, moraceae to. Its plant diversity, distribution, traditional uses and ethnopharmacological importance. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Detailed studies at regional scales may help to understand the biogeography of large genera such as ficus. Ficus the genus ficus consists of more than 800 species, many of. The genus ficus fig trees represents a totally unique plant section.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common global health concerns, with a rapidly increasing incidence. Care for the ficus bonsai tree retusa ginseng bonsai. The figs include many broadleaf evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as shrubs and lianas. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely opposite, entire or serrate, palmately lobed, obtuse or acute or acuminate, deciduous or persistent. The results showed the existence of eight leaf venation patterns based on veinlets, the ultimate marginal and areolar. Members of this genus are difficult to distinguish by their flowers, but can be differentiated by habit, whether they are banyans or not, by leaf shape. Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci. Slovenskym nazvom fikus sa v uzsom zmysle oznacuju len ozdobne. Figs are present at some stage of development throughout the year within nearly all populations of ficus, thus ensuring the survival of the fig wasps, which are shortlived after leaving the figs. Traditional classification of ficus based on morphology and preliminary taxonomic implications of the present study.
Furthermore, we highlight the dietmedicine overlap of the uses of this genus, which should enable further understanding of the potential for broader health benefits, rather than limiting studies in this genus to its. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Ficus macrophylla, commonly known as the moreton bay fig or australian banyan, is a large evergreen banyan tree of the family moraceae native to eastern australia, from the wide bayburnett region in the north to the illawarra in new south wales, as well as lord howe island. The ficus genus of plants includes more than 800 woody species found mostly in tropical zones, with a few extending into warmer temperate regions. The explanation for each species status is given in the text. Moraceae, the mulberry family of the rose order rosales, with about 40 genera and some 1,000 species of deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Ficus is a large genus of about 800 tree and shrub species native to the tropics and subtropics that are often cultivated beyond their native range for their fig fruits or as ornamentals. The genus is a very large one, including, according to engler about 600 species.
Usually members of the genus ficus are pollinated by a single species of pollinating fig wasps specific to each fig species, but recent observations of ficus septica have shown there to be three pollinating species in the south of taiwan and two in the philippines. Many are tall forest trees that are buttressed by great spreading roots. Biogeography and conservation of the genus ficus moraceae in. It is an excellent tree for beginners, as most species of ficus are fast growers, tolerant of most any soil and light conditions, make fine indoor bonsai, and perhaps most importantly, are remarkably forgiving of those just learning bonsai watering techniques. This book present a multidisciplinary approach to the botany, chemistry, and pharmacology of fig trees and figs of the ficus species, including the fig of commerce, ficus carica, the rubber tree, ficus elastic, and the bo tree, ficus religiosa.
It is almost universally known simply as fig, common fig, or edible fig. Ficus citrifolia, shortleaf fig 2 allergen though related to mulberries known allergens, members of the fig genus are typically not allergy inducing, causing few to no allergies. The major uses were live fencing and source of bark cloth or olubugo. The genus shows considerable diversity in floral morphology and has been divided into a number of distinct genera, but the over all inflorescence. Figs and the diversity of tropical rain forests pdf. Furthermore, of the 82 plant genera in the region from which wild edible fruits were collected, ficus was also found to be the genus containing the. Ficus benghalensis produces propagating roots which grow downwards as aerial roots. Pdf morphology and distribution of the genus ficus linnaeus.
Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the common fig ficus carica l. Ficus species examined in the study and their status marked with superscript letters with respect to the occupation by herbivores revealed. This genus is an important genetic resource due to its high economic and nutritional values and also an important part of the biodiversity in the rainforest ecosystem. About 115 taxa 89 species and 26 infraspecific taxa of ficus have been recorded here. In the following article we will attempt to give, in the wellknown longlasting brief way of the editorial team of kalliergeia, a representing picture of the essential elements that define the. Figs have a wider variety of growth forms than any other tropical plant genus, including shrubs, woody lianas, hemiepiphytes, epiphytes, and trees.
There is differing information about the number of existing ficus species, there may be between 800 and 2000. Your plant is trying to attract a tiny little pollinator wasp which in all. Figs, the ficus trees, are an understudied genus in modern pharmacognosy. Once these roots reach the ground they grow into woody trunks. The plants are native primarily to tropical areas of east asia.
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